Urban congestion has become a recurring theme in IELTS Writing Task 2, appearing in approximately 15% of recent exams. This topic frequently intersects with environmental concerns, city planning, and The role of technology in urban development. Let’s examine a common question format and analyze sample responses across different band scores.
Nội dung bài viết
Urban congestion during peak hours showing heavy traffic and crowded streets
Some people believe that governments should invest heavily in public transportation to reduce urban congestion, while others think there are better alternatives. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Analysis of the Question
This question requires:
- Discussion of two perspectives on solving urban congestion
- Clear position and personal opinion
- Balanced evaluation of both arguments
- Relevant examples and supporting evidence
Sample Essay (Band 8-9)
Urban congestion represents one of the most pressing challenges facing modern cities, and while how public transportation can reduce traffic congestion is well-documented, there are varying opinions on the most effective solutions. This essay will examine both perspectives before presenting my own viewpoint.
Those who advocate for substantial government investment in public transportation argue that it provides a comprehensive solution to traffic congestion. Well-developed metro systems, bus networks, and light rail can significantly reduce private vehicle usage, as demonstrated in cities like Singapore and Tokyo. Moreover, efficient public transport systems are environmentally sustainable and can accommodate large populations while occupying minimal road space.
However, proponents of alternative approaches suggest that other strategies might be more effective. The implementation of congestion pricing, smart traffic management systems, and The impact of AI on urban planning could provide more immediate and cost-effective solutions. Additionally, promoting remote work and flexible hours could naturally decrease peak-time congestion without requiring massive infrastructure investments.
In my opinion, while both approaches have merit, a comprehensive public transportation system should be the cornerstone of any urban congestion solution. The success of cities like Hong Kong and London demonstrates that robust public transit networks, combined with supporting measures like congestion charges, create the most effective long-term solution to urban traffic problems.
Sample Essay (Band 6-7)
Traffic congestion is a big problem in many cities today. Some people think governments should spend money on public transport, but others believe there are better ways to solve this problem.
People who support public transport investment say it can help reduce traffic. When cities have good buses and trains, fewer people need to drive their cars. For example, in many European cities, people prefer using public transport because it is convenient and saves time.
On the other hand, some people think there are better solutions. They suggest using technology to control traffic lights better or making people pay to drive in busy areas. These methods might be cheaper than building new train lines or bus stations. Also, encouraging people to work from home can help reduce traffic.
I think both ideas are important, but public transport is the better solution. While other methods can help, good public transport systems can move more people and cause less pollution. Therefore, governments should focus on improving public transportation while also using other methods to help reduce traffic.
Analysis of Band Scores
Band 8-9 Essay Features:
- Sophisticated vocabulary: “comprehensive solution,” “substantial investment”
- Complex sentence structures
- Clear organization and cohesion
- Well-developed arguments with specific examples
- Academic tone throughout
Band 6-7 Essay Features:
- Basic but clear vocabulary
- Simple but accurate sentence structures
- Adequate organization
- Basic examples provided
- Less sophisticated transitions
Key Vocabulary
- urban congestion (n) /ˈɜːbən kənˈdʒestʃən/ – traffic in cities
- infrastructure (n) /ˈɪnfrəstrʌktʃə/ – basic physical systems
- comprehensive (adj) /ˌkɒmprɪˈhensɪv/ – complete, including all aspects
- implementation (n) /ˌɪmplɪmenˈteɪʃən/ – the process of putting a plan into action
- sustainable (adj) /səˈsteɪnəbl/ – able to continue over time
High-Scoring Sentence Patterns
- Complex Contrast: “While X may appear beneficial, Y provides a more sustainable solution.”
- Cause-Effect: “The implementation of X leads to Y, resulting in Z.”
- Conditional: “If governments were to invest in X, the outcome would significantly impact Y.”
Remember to practice writing your own response and share it in the comments below for feedback and discussion.
