Soil erosion has been a recurring theme in IELTS Writing Task 2, particularly in questions about environmental challenges and agricultural sustainability. Based on analysis of past exams, this topic has appeared in various forms, with special focus on prevention measures and economic impacts. Let’s examine a recent question that exemplifies how this topic is typically tested.
Task Analysis and Sample Question
Some experts believe that soil erosion is one of the most serious environmental problems facing many countries today. What are the causes of soil erosion and what measures can be taken to solve this problem?
This question requires candidates to:
- Identify causes of soil erosion
- Propose solutions
- Structure a well-balanced response covering both aspects
Band 8-9 Sample Essay
Similar to how climate change is creating food insecurity, soil erosion presents a significant environmental challenge. Here’s a high-scoring response:
Soil erosion has emerged as a critical environmental concern that threatens agricultural sustainability and food security worldwide. This essay will examine the primary causes of this problem and suggest effective remedial measures.
The main causes of soil erosion are both natural and human-induced. Intensive farming practices, including over-tilling and monoculture cultivation, strip the soil of its protective vegetation cover and natural binding elements. Additionally, deforestation removes crucial root systems that hold soil particles together, making the land vulnerable to erosion by wind and rain. Climate change has exacerbated this situation by increasing the frequency of extreme weather events.
As discussed in studies about how governments can promote sustainable agricultural practices, several effective solutions exist. Conservation agriculture techniques, such as contour plowing and terrace farming, can significantly reduce soil loss on sloped terrain. Furthermore, implementing crop rotation and maintaining ground cover through mulching can enhance soil structure and resistance to erosion. Governments should also enforce strict regulations on deforestation and provide farmers with incentives to adopt sustainable practices.
In conclusion, while soil erosion poses a serious threat, a combination of improved agricultural practices and policy interventions can effectively address this challenge. These measures not only protect soil resources but also ensure long-term food security.
(Word count: 275)
Band 6-7 Sample Essay
Similar to the role of agriculture in reducing carbon emissions, addressing soil erosion requires understanding its basics:
Nowadays, soil erosion is becoming a big problem in many countries. In this essay, I will discuss why this happens and how we can fix it.
There are several reasons why soil erosion occurs. First, many farmers use strong chemicals and heavy machines that damage the soil. Second, when people cut down trees, there are no roots to hold the soil together. Also, heavy rain and strong winds can wash or blow away the top soil, especially when there are no plants to protect it.
To solve this problem, we need different solutions. Farmers should use better farming methods, like planting different crops each season and leaving some plant cover on the fields. The government can help by making laws to stop people from cutting down too many trees. Also, experts can teach farmers new ways to protect their soil.
I think if everyone works together, we can stop soil erosion from getting worse. This will help us grow more food and protect our environment for the future.
(Word count: 253)
Key Vocabulary
- Erosion (n) /ɪˈrəʊʒən/ – The gradual destruction of something by natural forces
- Conservation agriculture (n) /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃən ˈægrɪkʌltʃə/ – Farming approach that protects soil
- Monoculture (n) /ˈmɒnəʊkʌltʃə/ – Growing single crop type repeatedly
- Deforestation (n) /diːˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃən/ – Clearing of forests
- Sustainable (adj) /səˈsteɪnəbl/ – Able to continue over time without damaging the environment
Practice Suggestions
Consider practicing with these related topics:
- The impact of intensive farming on soil quality
- Balancing agricultural productivity with environmental protection
- Government policies for sustainable land management
Share your practice essays in the comments for feedback and improvement suggestions.